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Document
PDF version of My testimony in Burmese

The above translation was done by LA Translation.


uRefr\ oufaocH xGufqkdcsuf
uRefr touf 28ESpf t½G,fwGif ocifa,½Ionf uRefrb0xJokdY a&muf&SdvmNyD; uRefrtm; u,fwifcJhygonf/ uRefrrSm vkH;0 arQmfvifhcsuf uif;rJhaecJhygonf/ okdYaomf ocifa,½Ionf uRefrtm; tarSmifxJrS qJGxkwfcJhygonf/ uRefrrSm 0efxkwf0efykd;ydaecJhonf/okdYaomf ocifa,½Ionf uRefr\ yckH;ay:rS 'kp½kduf 0efxkwf0efykd;tm;vkH;ukd r ,l z,f&Sm;ypfcJhonf/ usdefpmtm;vkH;ukd z,f&Sm;ypfcJhNyD; uRefrukd aumif;csD;ay;cJhygonf/  vGefcJhonfh 25ESpfwmumvtwGif; olonf uRefrESifhtwl avQmufvSrf;cJhNyD; uRefr ,cifu rnfonfhtcgurQ tdyfruf rrufcJhonfh tHhMozG,ft&mrsm;ukd uRefrtm;jyocJhonf/uRefr ocifa,½Itm;awGYaomtcgwGif uRefrrSm SUNY Buffalo ü yDtdyfcsdyf'D bJGY,lpmwrf;ukd jyKpkaecJhonf/okdY&mwGif yckH;ü jyif;xefaom emusifukdufcJrIukd cHpm;&NyD; pmwpfvkH;wpfrS ra&;Ekdifacs/ rnfonfht&mukdrqkd zwf&efBudK;pm;aomtcg yckH;ü jyif;xefaom emusifukdufcJrIukd cHpm;&onf/ xkdemusif ukdufcJrIrSm worwfwnf;jzpfNyD; a&ul;? avhusifhcef;vkyf?uckef okdYr[kwf oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhaysmfaeaomtcg aysmufaeaomfvnf; bJGY,lpmwrf;ukd  a&;&ef BudK;pm;aomtcg emusifrI ykdqkd;vmonf/ uRefr\ &nf;pm;ukd awGYaomtcg emusifrI ykdqkd;vmonf/ 
¤if;rSm uRefr\b0\ 'kp½kduftjypfaMumifhjzpfonf/rdrd\cHpm;csuftay: ½kd;om;&efvkdonf[laom rSm;,Gif;onfh t,ltq&SdcJhum vli,frsm; rMumcPjyKMuouJhokdY ESvkH;om;qE´aemufokdYvkdufcJhonf/ uRefrwGif ESpf ESpfMumwGJaeaom &nf;pm;wpfa,muf&SdcJhonf/ okdYaomf ¤if;ukd xm;cJhum aemufwpfa,mufajymif;cJhonf/ rMumrDrSmyif ESpfa,mufMum; temw&jzpfum vkH;0a0cGJr&Ekdif jzpfcJhonf/ xkdYaemuf &nf;pm;topfay: tvGefouFmruif;jzpfum &efjzpfonfhtcg ypönf;jzifh ypfaygufjcif;uJhokdY xl;qef;pGm  pwifjyKrlygawmhonf/t&m&mrSm xdef;csKyfr&Ekdifawmhacs/uRefrrnfolvJ? tb,fhaMumifh uRefrcHpm;ae&ovkd cHpm;ae&wmvJ? tb,fhaMumifhxl;qef;pGm jyKrlaeonfukd em;rvnfcJhyg/ eHeufwkdif;pkd;&drfaomursm;jzifh Ekd;xvmcJhonf/ uRefronf atmufajcrJh wGif;wpfckxJokdY usqif;aeonf[k cHpm;&onf/wGif;eufxJokdYusqif;aeonf[kqkdMuygpkdY/
yckH;xufrS jyif;xefaom emusifukdufcJrI oufomatmif t&m&mukd BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhygonf/ wpfaeYaom tcg  'kdif,m&DwGif þokdYa&;cJhygonf/]igyifyef;EGrf;e,faeonf/ a&SYqufrvkyfaqmifEkdif/ ighb0 xdef;csKyfr&jzpfaeNyD/ bk&m;ocifukd ,kHMunf Munfhoifhovm;/} uRefronf Ak'¨bmomrdom;pkwpfckwGif BuD;jyif;vmcJhonf/ rdrdywf0ef;usifwGif rnfolrQ c&pf,mefr[kwfay/ xkdtcsdefurnfolrQ a,½Ic&pfawmfESifh ywfoufí rdrdtm; oufaorcHcJhay/ rdrdESifh rdrd\ oli,fcsif;rsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ &,fp&maumif;aom ESdrfhcsonfh vkyfukdifaqmif½GufykHrsm;ukd ysuf&,fjyKum c&pf,mefrsm;ukd avSmifajymifcJhMuonf/¤if;wkdYonf apmifhMunfh&rnfh xl;qef;aomolrsm;[k rdrdwkdYxifjrifcJhMuonf/ 
rdrd\zcifrSm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifwpfa,mufjzpfNyD; bmoma&;ESifh roufqkdifonfhae&mwGif yg0ifaecJhonf/ rdcifrSm aA'ifq&mrsm;tygt0if bmoma&;tm;vkH;ukd vkdufpm;onf/okdY&mwGif rdcif\ jyif;jyaom pdwfqE´rSm tajccHtm;jzifh Ak'¨\ aumif;csD;ay;jcif;ukd cH&&ef vpOf Ak'¨bmombk&m;oGm;um vdyfESifh ig;tcsdKYukd vTwf&efyifjzpfonf/rdrdtaejzifh txufwef;ausmif;wGif Ak'¨bmomvli,frsm; toif;ukd wufa&mufcJhNyD; rdrd\ rdcifjyKvkyfouJhokdY aA'ifq&mrsm;ESifh awGYqkH&ef oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ okdY&mwGifh tb,fhaMumihfrSef;rod rdrdtcuftcJeSifh BuHKawGYae&pOf rdrdtm;uknD&ef b,faomtcgrQ Ak'¨a&mufrvmacs/  
aemufwpfaeYwGif bk&m;ocif[laom pum;vkH;onf rdrd\'kdif,m&DxJrS ½kwfw&ufay:xGufvmonf/ trnf&Sd rdef;uav;wpfa,muf aygufcsvmonf/ twefpum;ajymqkdNyD;aemufolu]ukd&D;,m; ausmif;om;opfawG&JY or®musrf;pm avhvmoif,lwJhtkyfpkwpfck&Sdw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh olwkdYawG[m vufxyfxm;MuwJhpkHwJGawGyJ/ olwkdYtzJGYukd 0ifcsifvm;/ ykHrSSeftwkdif;qkdvsif rdrdjiif;jzpfcJhrnf/ okdY&mwGif rdrdrSm tvGefyif qkd;½Gm;aeNyD; rnfokdYyifjzpfap bk&m;ocif ukd prf;Munfh&ef pOf;pm;aecJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh or®musrf;pm avhvmoif,la&; tkyfpkokdYoGm;cJhonf/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh ewfqkd;rsm;ESifhywfoufí ar;cGef;rsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ xkdykH0wåKrsm;tm;vkH;ukd Mum;&onfrSm '@m&DESifhwlonf/ okdY&mwGif ¤if;wkdYtm;vkH;onf tvGefyif pdwf&Snfonf;cHMuonf/EkdifiHjcm; ausmif;olwpfa,mufjzpfjcif;aMumifh tvGefyif txD;usefcJhonf/rdrdtay:wGif azmfa½GvSaomaMumifh xkdpnf;a0;yJGukd rdrdvGrf;onf/

okH;vMumNyD;aemuf ,cifrnfonfhtcgurQ rjzpfcJhbJ eHeuf 5em&DwGif ½kwfw&ufEkd;vmcJhonf/ ½kwfw&uf tjypf[lonfukd em;vnfvmcJhNyD; rdrdonfrnfrQ tjypf&SdcJhaMumif;odjrifcJhonf/]uRefr vlaumif;yg? b,folYukdrS wrifwum xdckdufemusif b,fawmhrS rvkyfbl;}[k ajymcJhbl;onf/ okdY&mwGif½kwfw&uf rdrdonftjypfom;jzpfNyD; tvGeftwåBuD;um &ufpufaMumif; oabmaygufem;vnfvmcJhonf/ tvif;awmufyoGm;ovkdyif tarSmifxJwGif oifrjrifEkdifonfh zkefrsm;ESifh yifhultdrfrsm;ukd jrif&onf/

 tDpwmrwkdifrD aomMumaeY n 8em&DcefYwGifjzpfonf/ e,l;a,ufNrdKY vrf;ay:wGif um;armif;aepOf ukd&D;,m; bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif;ukd jrif&onf/ wHcg;yGifaeonf/ rdrd bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif;twGif;okdY 0ifcJhonf/ xkdifckHwpfckwGif xkdifNyD; qkawmif;ygonf/] tkd bk&m;ocif? uRefr\ b0ukd uRefr qkH;½IH;cJhygonf/ uRefr\ rnfonfhae&mokdY oGm;aerSef; rodyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tultnDukd vkdtyfygonf/ uRefr\ b0xJokdY 0ifvmNyD; xdef;csKyfawmfrlyg/ocifa,½Itm; uRefr\ u,fwif&Siftjzpf vufcHyg\/} uRefronf rdrdusL;vGefcJhaom 'kp½kdufrsm;twGuf aemifw&aeonf/ tvif;a&mifwcsdKY tcef;twGif; awmufyaeonf[k cHpm;&onf/ bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif;\ teHrSm arT;BudKifvSonf/ uRefr\ESvkH;om;twGif;rS aysmf½TifrI jynfvQHwufvmygawmhonf/ ocifa,½Iu uRefrtm;xdawGYNyD; uRefr u,fwifjcif;cHcJh&ygonf/
]vlrnfonfum;? c&pfawmfü &Sdvsif topfjyKjyifaom owå0gjzpf\ a[mif;aomt&mwkdYonf ajymif;vJí cyfodrf;aom t&mwkdYonf topfjzpfMuNyD/}(aum&defok ? Mo0g'pm 'kwd,apmif) uRefr ajymif;vJcJhygonf/ arwåm uRefr\ESvkH;om;twGif;rS pD;,kdxGufvmygNyD; uRefrvlwkdif;ukd NyHK;jyygonf/ vlrsm;uvnf;jyef NyHK;jyMuygonf/  rdrd\ &nf;pm;ESifh tqifrajyrIrsm;tm;vkH; xkduJhokdYyif ajyvnfoGm;cJhonf/ olu uRefrukd oGm;cGifhjyKcJhygonf/ uRefronf'kp½kdufrsm;vTrf;aeonfh taetxm;rS uRwfvGwfcJhygonf/ rdrd\ &nf;pm;ESifh rdrdukd rvGwfajrmufEkdifatmif xdef;csKyfxm;onfh ouFmruif;rIrsm;ukd xm;cJhEkdifygonf/yckH;ay:rS emusifukdufcJrIvnf;aysmufoGm;onf/ eHeufwkdif; or®musrf;ukd zwf? qkawmif;um bJGY,lpmwrf;ukd pa&;cJhygonf/wpfESpfMumrQ rnfonfht&mukdrS ra&;EkdifcJhaomfvnf; tm;vkH;ukd 2 vtwGif; a&;cJhygonf/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufu uRefrtwGuf zwfay;aeouJhokdYjzpfygonf/ uRefr u,fwifjcif;cHcJh&ygonf/         
vGefcJhonfh 27ESpfukd jyefMunfhvsif bk&m;ocif\ tjyKtrltay:wGif uRefr tHMordygonf/ rdrd\ tdyfruftm;vkH; trSef wu,f jzpfvmcJhNyD; bk&m;ocifu tdyfrufopf tjrifopfrsm; ay;aecJhygonf/ ¤if;u aysmf½Tifp&mrsm; \ t&if;tjrpfjzpfaom taumif;qkH; cifyGef;ESifh om;ESpfa,mufukd rdrdxH ykdYaqmifay;cJhygonf/ usrf;pmukd avhvmoif,l cJhNyD; bk&m;ocifu rdrdtm; MDiv ESifh ThM ukd &&SdapcJhum  wJGzuf bkef;awmfBuD;jzpfvmcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifu cGifhjyK xm;onfh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk&Sd tvSqkH;tdrfrsm;wGif rdraexkdifygonf/ om;rsm;tm; taumif;qkH;ynma&;ukd ay;EkdifcJh onf/ rdrdrSm rsm;pGmwkd;wufaeonfh ukd,fykdifvkyfief;wGif CEO wpfa,mufjzpfygonf/ ,fwifjcif;cHcJh&ygonf/ cufcJaom umvrsm;ESifh pdefac:rIrsm;&SdcJhaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifu ¤if;wkdYtm;vkH;ukd ausmfjzwfapum rdrdtm; ykdkrdk tm;aumif;atmifjyK vkyfay;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifu rdrdtm; tdyfruf okH;ckay;cJhonf/ yxrqkH;rSm rdrd\ ausmif;ukd *kPfodu©mBuD;rm;aom EkdifiHwum ausmif;tjzpf wkd;wufap&ef? rdrd\ ukrÜPDukd bDvD,Ha':vm ukrÜPDtjzpfokdY ajymif;vJ&efESifh tm&SwGif bk&m;ausmif; 100 wnfaqmuf&efjzpfonf/ 'kwd,rSm bk&m;ocif\  emrawmfukd csD;usL;&ef 0efBuD;ESifh 0efBuD;csKyfjzpf&efjzpfonf/ rdrdb0wpfavsufvkH; avhvmoif,lcJhonfrSm EdkifiHa&; jzpfaomaMumifhyif/ bk&m;ocifu rdrdtm; þtjrifukd 1989wGif ay;cJhonf/ rdrdrSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif r&nf½G,fbJ 13ESpfMum aexkdifcJhNyD; jzpfaomaMumifh ,ckumvwGif jzpfEkdifrnfhykHray:aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifu ¤if;\ *kPfusufoa&twGuf  qE´&Sdvsif olYtpDtpOfukd atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnfazmfEkdifrnf[k rdrd,kHMunfcJhygonf/ wwd,rSm c&pf,mef bkefBuD;wpfyg;jzpfvmNyD; urÇmtESHY c&D;oGm;um Asm'dwfay;&ef? emrusef;olrsm;ukd uko&efNyD; c&pfawmfukd oufaocH&ef ? rdrdrSm tvGef &nfrSef;csufBuD;rm;aMumif;? txl;ojzifh rdrdþ touft½G,fukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;í tjrifwpfckukdom aZmif;ay;oifhaMumif; od&Sdygonf/ a½G;cs,fcGifh&rnfqkdvsif rdrdtaejzifh? ocifa,½Itm; b0wpfavsmufvkH; csD;usL;? ukd;uG,fum oufaocHoGm;vkdygonf/  tdyfruf okH;ckay;cJhonf/ ¤if;\ *kPfusufoa&twGuf r[kwfcJhvsif aiGESifh ausmfMum;rIonf rnfofnht"dyÜg,fukdrS raqmifay/ acsmhuvuf bl;wpfckuJhokdY rdrdxHokdY tb bk&m;ocifaqmifMunf;vmrnfh vufaqmifrsm;ukd arQmfvifhapmifpm;um rdrd aeYwkdif; &ifckefygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf aumif;rGefNyD; ¤if;u oifhukdvnf;cspfygonf/


Professor of Politics, L.A. Institute of Interntional Studies